The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.